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Socially-prescribed pressure/perfectionism is the perception that others will value you only if you are perfect (“The better I do, the better I’m expected to do”).
Other-imposed pressure/perfectionism can result from unrealistic expectations from others and/ or the professionalization of youth sports.
Self-imposed pressure/perfectionism can result from the internally motivated and irrational desire to be perfect (“If you are dedicated, you ‘should’ be able to perform without errors”).
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References: Cooper, Casey. “What’s Hurting our Kids.” 7 Mar. 2018. MP3 file. Curran, T., & Hill, A. P. (2019). Perfectionism is Increasing Over Time: A Meta-analysis of Birth Cohort Differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4):410–429. Randall, Edin T., et al. (2015). Understanding Affluent Adolescent Adjustment: The Interplay of Parental Perfectionism, Perceived Parental Pressure, and Organized Activity Involvement.” J. Adolesc., 41:56–66. Schwebel, Frank J., et al. (2016). Measurement of Perceived Parental Success Standards in Sport and Relations with Athletes’ Self-Esteem, Performance Anxiety, and Achievement Goal Orientation: Comparing Parental and Coach Influences. Child Development Research, 2016:1–13. |